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Mute Swans Annual Moult

October 2nd, 2016 | Posted by LadyNerkle1 in Mute Swans Annual Moult - (Comments Off on Mute Swans Annual Moult)

 Once a Year Swans will Moult Replacing all 25,000 of their Feathers.
Collectively their Feathers are called Plumage.

Mute Swans Feathers Moulting

Moulting is the Periodic Replacement of Feathers by Shedding Old Feathers
while Producing New Ones.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

To Enlarge Images – Right Click Image then Open in a New Tab.

MOULTING – English Spelling

MOLTING – American Spelling

Feathers are Dead Structures at Maturity which are Gradually Abraded.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

In May as the Cobs are Patrolling there are Slight Signs of Spiky Feathers. 

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Wear and Tear during the Year.. Daily Preening..
Feathers Need to be Renewed.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Generally All Healthy Birds Moult at Least One a Year.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

You will KNOW it is Time when you See FEATHERs
> > > > LOTs of FEATHERs..

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

It is Good to Understand the Moulting Process your Swans go through.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Especially for Swan Owners who NEED to Clip a Swan to Keep it Grounded.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Swans become Flightless during their Annual “Wing Moult.”

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

In Healthy Swans, the Moulting Occurs after the Nesting Season.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Mute Pens Typically Start their Moult Two Weeks after her Cygnets Hatch.
Or if NO Eggs Hatch – Two Weeks after she Starts to EAT !!

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Regaining her Lost Weight.. seems to Stimulate the Pen’s Moult.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Cobs will Show the Signs of Worn, Spiky Primary Wing Feathers.
His Moult Generally begins Five to Six Weeks after the Nest is Closed.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

It is a Gradual Process – Birds Do Not Shed all their Feathers at One Time.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

We will be Raking a Good Size Bag of Shed Feathers Weekly.
Mute Swans Annual Moult

This Feather Shedding Process will Occurs in Many Phases.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Areas of Feathers that are Shed Varies.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Shedding is Generally Symmetrical, with Feather Loss Even
on each Side of the Body.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Birds/Waterfowl/Swans must Retain Sufficient Feathers to Regulate
their Body Temperature and Repel Moisture.

Mute Swan Shabby Stage
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

During the Winter Months, Swans will Briskly “Shake” their Plumage
Capturing Air into the Fluffy Down Feathers.. to Insulate themselves.
Mute Swans Annual Moult

Worn Feathers are Less Able to WaterProof and Insulate.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

You can See the Fine Fraying of this Cobs Primary Wing Feathers.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Waterfowl NEED to have Good WaterProofing so they FLOAT !
And so they do not Get Wet into their Skin for Insulation..

Mute Swans Mount
Feather Waterproofing

IF Swans/Cygnets Lose their WaterProofing they GET WET ! !
You will see them Shivering in Cold Pond Water.

SWAN WaterProofing Feathers

Healthy WaterProofing Aids the Insulation that Keeps Swans
Warm in the Cold Winter Months.

Mute Swan Feather Waterproofing

It takes an Average 4-6 Weeks to Renew all their Worn Feathers.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

During the Moulting Periods, Swans Renew Feathers on their Head, Neck and Body,
Shedding the Wing and Tail Feathers during Slightly Later Moulting Period.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

More and More Feathers are on the Ground where the Swans Preen.

Mute Swan Moulting Preening Area

It is Late June and the Cob below is Starting to Moult.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Three Weeks Later, the same Cob, most of his Primary Flight Feathers are Missing.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Bald Spots are Typically Signs of Unrelated Illnesses,
such as Gross Injuries, External Parasites.

As Swans Begin to Shed their Older Worn Feathers,
the Tiny Pin Feathers Start to Emerge through the Skin.

The Tip of the Pin Feathers Break Open for the Full Feathers to Grow-in.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

When our Young Cygnets were getting their First True Feathers,
We could Feel the Pin Feather Down in their Fluffy Down..

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

You will See the Cygnets and Swans Bite at the Itchy Pin Feathers as they Emerged.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

I Noticed Tiny White Dandruff on the Ground.
The Cygnets were Nipping OFF the Ends of the Pin Feathers.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Feathers make up a Percentage of a Swans Body Weight.
Estimates for a Mature Mute Swan about One Pound of their Weight is Plumage.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

It takes a Large Amount of Energy to Replace All their Feathers.
A Healthy Diet is Important.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

If a Swan has Lost Weight due to a Poor Diet, Illness or Injury,

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

their Moult is often Delayed or Poorly Staggered.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

This Rescued Black Australian Cob was Severely Under Weight.. His Moult was Stalled.
After Three Months and a Steady Weight Gain his Plumage Improved.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Rescued Juvenile below was UnderWeight.. After Gaining Weight she Moulted in October.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Once they are able to Gain a few Healthy Pounds their Moult will Resume.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

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   During a Royal Mute Cygnet’s First Winter, their Smoky Grey-Brown Feather
will Slowly be Replaced by more and more White Feather.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

I am Not Sure if this is Considered Moulting ??
There are Feathers Shed.. (See Above) as More and More White Feathers Appear.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

This 9 Month Old Royal Mute Cygnet Still has a few Beige Bands in his Wings..
These will Remain until the First Full Summer Moult.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Swans will do a FULL Moult of all 25,000 Feathers in June-July-August.
Mute Swans Annual Moult

You will find their First Primary Flight Feathers with the Pretty Earth Tones laying around.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

I Miss the Pretty Feather Patterns of the Royal Mute Cygnets.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

***************************************************

Mute Swan Red-Head – Red Crown – Iron Stains.

Swans use their Beak and Head to do most of their Preening.
The Tiny Feathers on their Heads become Worn.
 If there is Iron in their Pond Water, this Mineral Attaches to these Feathers.
 Air Interacts with the Iron Particles and Rust Forms.
 This Rusty Cap will be Renewed to a Clean White during their Annual Moult.

Mute Swan Rust Red Head
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

As their Feathers Wear, they Stain more Easily.

Mute Swan Red-Head
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

    It is Easy to Spot their Large Primary Flight Feathers.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Their Preening Site is a Messy Place.. A Weekly Raking to Remove this is Wise.

Mute Swan Preening Area
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

**********************************************************

Their Moult may Start at Slightly Different Times Annually.

This Female had a VERY Late Nesting due to Flooding.. A Third Clutch of Eggs. 
Her Moult was DELAYED until Late July – Two Weeks After Nesting Ended.. 
It Helps to Understand the Timing of Moulting in Relationship to Nesting. 

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

If you Need to Clip your Swans.. Start to Watch the Stages of Moulting.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Their Preening Area will Look like a Pillow Exploded.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Preening Area
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

   Females Generally Moult in June – Males in July. 

Nature Timed the Adults’ Moult so the Female-Dam would be Grounded with her Tiny Cygnets.
The Females Generally Begin their Moult TWO Weeks after Nesting Ends.
 The Male-Sire Remains Full-Feathered so he is still able to Flog to Protect his Family.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

As the Female’s Primary Flight Feathers are Growing in the Male will Start his Moult.  
This way they are Not Both Grounded at the Same Time.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Our “Handsome Fellow” was Rescued One Year before this Image.
He had to have his Left Wing Completely Removed.. Long Recovery.
We were just Learning about Swans.. Big Learning Curve. 
I do not Remember him Moulting that Year.. He had Severe Weight Loss.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

You May Observe your Swans Pulling their Wing Feathers OUT !

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

I was Sitting Near our Cob while he PULLED his Larger Wing Feather OUT !
POP – POP – POP !

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Both the Pens and Cobs have their “Shabby” Stage..

SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swans Shabby Stage
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Shabby Stage
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
******
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
If you LOOK Closely at the Left Wing Below.. you can See Pink Feather Straws. 
Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

If your Swans are Pinioned,
there will Only be Primary Flight Feathers from One Wing.

Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

**************************************************

As the New Pin Feathers Emerge they are “Itchy.”

Swans will Spend more Time Preening – Biting Deep into their Thick Down.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

It is Time for the NEW PLUMAGE !

“Pin Feathers” – “Blood Feathers” are the Developing New Feathers.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

These Pin – Blood Feathers Grow as the First True Feather of Young Cygnets.
The Same Process of Pin – Blood Feathers will Replace Feathers during their Annual Moult.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

THE LARGER NEW FEATHERS ARE the BLOOD FEATHERS.

The Pin – Blood Feather looks like a Pink Straws.
At this Stage the Pink Straws have a Blood Supply Flowing through it.
If Damaged, a Swan/Cygnet CAN Bleed Heavily. This NEEDs Immediate Attention.

Mute Swans Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Large Primary Flight Feathers are Blood Feathers at this Stage.

As the Feather Shaft Grows Longer, the Blood Supply will be Seen
More in the Base of the Shaft – Quill.
The Tip of the Keratin Shaft Encases the Forming Feather.
As Swans/Cygnets Preen, they Nip-off the Keratin Tips and the Feathers Unfurls.

Mute Swans Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Many of the Larger Tail Feathers are Blood Feathers.

Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Remember Healthy Cobs and the Pens will Moult at Different Times.
About 4 Weeks Apart.

Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

If a Swan has a Poor Diet, is Underweight, their Moult may be Delayed.  
Swans Typically Lose a Pound of Body Weight
with the Loss and Regrowth of their Feathers.
Good Nutrition will Help Keep your Swans Healthy.

Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Also, the Pens Need to Replace the Weight they Lost Laying their Clutch of Eggs.

Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

> > A Broken Blood Feather can Result in Serious Bleeding. < <
During this Time Take EXTRA Care when Catching or Transporting your Swans.
These Blood Filled Feathers MAY be Broken in Transport Crates – Pet Carriers.
DO NOT Release a Swan with ANY Bleeding Feathers to your Pond.

IF NECESSARY: PULL any BLEEDING FEATHERs ! !
( In a Few Weeks these Will Regrow. )

Hold the Skin-Tissue with your Fingers of One Hand
to Keep the Skin from Tearing.
Firmly – Slowly Pull the Broken, Bleeding Feather Straight OUT.
Use Needle Nose Pliers if it is Too Short to Grip.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Blood Vessels in the Feather’s Shaft will Start to Atrophy
once the Feathers have Fully Grown-in.

Mute Swan Blood Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Once the Larger Blood Feathers are Completely Developed,
the Blood Vessels Atrophy.. Leaving a Hollow, WHITE Channel in the Feather Shafts.
If Broken or Cut at this Stage, these Feather will NOT Bleed.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

When the Blood Supply has Atrophied, the term “Blood Feather” is No Longer Used.

If your Swans is Full-Winged and Needs to be Clipped Annually
this is when you Need to Start Watching for your Opportunity.
DO NOT Cut any Pink or Purple Area of a Feather
– Only where the Feather Shaft is White.

Mute Swan Full Wing
SWAN MOULTING Feathers

The Topic Page Link Below will Explain Clipping.
Clipping Captive Swan Pets to Keep them Grounded.

 CLIPPING Captive Swan Pets  >>PLEASE READ COMPLETE PAGE.
https://swanlovers.net/category/clipping-captive-swan-pets/

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

There is a Short Period of Time
when the Feathers are NOT Stiff Enough to Allow Flight.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Such Beautiful Creatures.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

With ALL the Beauty that Nature Shares with Us..

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

These Moments can be the Hardest to Bare.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

I NEVER want these Magic Moments to End..

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

For Several Months the Swan’s Appearance is Enchanting White.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Every Feather may be Perfect.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Wing Feathers
SWAN MOULTING Feathers
Mute Swan Wing Feathers

I am Adding this Information at the End: I Read this in One Article about Moulting.
Artificial Lights at Night can Affect the Moult of Birds.
I Read that a Single 40 Watt Light Bulb at the End of a 1000 Foot Field
can Alter the Timing.

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

Natural Lighting is DARK at Night.
Their Body’s Cycle through Daily Hormone Changes..
Natural Darkness at Night help with this Process..

SWAN MOULTING Feathers

************************************************************************
A Non-Invasive Method of Studying the Moult of Swans is Photography.
This Information is a Work in Progress…..
As I learn more I will add to this Information..
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Compiled by (C) L.M.Sweger                             UpDated  May  2022
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Mute Swans Annual Moult

 

Basic Mute Swans Anatomy

October 2nd, 2016 | Posted by LadyNerkle1 in Basic Mute Swan Anatomy - (Comments Off on Basic Mute Swans Anatomy)

Enchanting, Elegant, Graceful, Majestic Mute Swans.  
Basic Anatomy Information. 

This Page is Labeled Photos of General Swan Features.

Mute Swan Info

Basic Anatomy of Mute Swans

Click to Enlarge

Mute Swan Cob Male

Mute Swan Cob 

Mute Swan Pen Female

Mute Swan Pen
***************************************************

From: knowledgerush search: Mute Swan
Common Name Mute Swans – Tame Swans
Binomial Name – Cygnus olor
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Anseriformes
Family Anatidae WaterFowl
Genus Cygnus
Species olor

Mute Swan – Cygnus olor

Mute Swan Cob

Mute Swan Cob 
*****
Mute Swan Cob

*****Mute Swan Cob Knob

In the United Kingdom the Knob is often Called “The Berry.”Mute Swan Cob Beak

*****Mute Swan Head

*****Mute Swan Anatomy*****Mute Swan AnatomyBelow – The Cob’s Beak is Peeling like a Thin Shed..
Yes, Swans do this .. How many times a Year.. I am not Sure.
You will see their Legs Shed also.
An Evolutionary Leftover from when Birds were Lizards.
Mute Swan Anatomy*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan AnatomySwans have a Dense Skin on their Beaks..
Feels like Velvet. It can be Scratched and get Infected..

Mute Swan Beak
*****
Mute Swan Anatomy*****

Avian – Swan Body Temperatures have a Wide Range
that is Related to their Activity.
IF you Need to Go to the Vets.. this might be Helpful..
Swan have a Higher Normal Body Temp then Human..
And their Temp will Vary by their Activity or Stress Level..
Anatomy SWAN Body Temperature

Like us, Birds are Warm Blooded, which means their Bodies
maintain a Constant Temperature, often around 104-106 degrees Fahrenheit.
Core Temperature in Birds Ranges between 34 and 44 °C
Birds Body Temperature Range is usually 39-43 degrees C (102-109 F)

Mean Levels of Body Temperatures (Tb) for all Birds are:
( Resting/ Active Phase/ High Activity )
( 102 to 103 F / 104 to 106 F / 107 to 109 F )
They have Ranges According to their Activity Level..
******************************************************************
I Found only a Few Actual Bits of Data for Mute Swans Specifically.
Normal Ranges are Noted as Resting or Active..
Thermoneutral – Resting > >  39.5 degrees C – 103.1 degrees F
Active – Stress > > 41.1 degrees C. – 105.98 degrees F.
*********************************************************************

Mute Swan Anatomy*****Mute Swan Anatomy*****
Mute Swan Eye
Swan’s Eyes are on the Sides of their Head.
Mute Swan Anatomy Eyes
They are Prey Birds.. and Need a Wide Visual Field to see Danger.
Unfortunately, this Limits their Forward Vision.
Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan Anatomy *****Mute Swan

*****Mute Swan Nares

*****Mute Swan Head

*****Mute Swan Head

*****Swan AnatomyMute Swan Beak Lamella*****Mute Swan Lamellae*****Mute Swan Lamellae

*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan Anatomy The Lamellae along the Beak helps the Swans Cut Plant Leaves and Grass.
Swans have Very Little Bite Pressure.
In ALL the Years I have been Working with Swans,
I have Never had a Bite that Cut or Punctured my Skin.
At Most their Bite is more of a Pinch.
In the Photo Above
Our Little Female was Playfully Untying my Husband’s Boot Lace.

Mute Swan Anatomy *****Mute Swan IDMute Swan Marking*****
Mute Swan*****
Mute SwanMute Swan Nail*****Mute Swan NailThe Cygnets Nails will Become Black as they Grow.

Mute Swan Cygnet

*****Mute Swan*****Mute Swan AnatomyMute Swan Anatomy*****
Mute SwanMute SwanMute Swan

ATTENTION ALL SWAN CARETAKERS
LOOK Closely at the Images Below ! !
This NOT Normal Anatomy !!!
This is an UNDER TONGUE IMPACTION !!!
Do YOUR BEST to REMOVE these Wads of Dirt and Fibers.
( Original ) <   I USED Computer Editing to Remove the Impaction from Image.  > ( Edited )
Mute Swan AnatomyMute Swan AnatomyWith a Team to Help, We DID Catch this Swan and Remove the Under Tongue Impaction.

Under Tongue-Chin Impaction
https://swanlovers.net/category/under-tongue-chin-impaction/

***************************************************************
Now to their Legs and Feet – BIG FEET.


Mute Swan Anatomy
******
Mute Swan Feet

*****Royal Mute Swan Pen*****Mute Swan Anatomy*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan Anatomy
Mute Swan Anatomy *****
Mute Swan Anatomy*****
Identifying Leg Bands Should be Not be Too Tight and Stay on this Section of their Leg.
Mute Swan Leg Band

*****Mute Swan Feet*****
Royal Mute Swan Feet

*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan FootMute Swan Hind ToeRoyal Mute Swan Feet

Swan Anatomy

In the Images Above and Below.
This Young Cygnet’s Feet are Showing Signs of Too Much Time on Hard Surfaces.
Swan Anatomy

*****Mute Swan Anatomy
The Foot and Leg Skin of a Swan Looks like a Reptile.  There are NO Scales.  Mute Swan Web FootThis Skin Periodically Sheds the Same as a Lizards or Snakes.
Mute Swan Web FootThe Webbing Between their Toes is Very Flexible.
Mute Swan Web FootThe Pale Webbing is from a Polish Mute Swan Foot.
Mute Swan Web Foot
********************************************Mute Swan Cob

*****Mute Swan Anatomy Mute Swan Neck*****Mute Swan

*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan Pen

*****
Anatomy Mute Swan Female Pen
The Mature Mute Cob Below Weighed over 30 Pounds.Mute Swan CobPolish Mute Swan

*****Polish Mute Swan Pen

*****Mute Swan Pen

SHE has a VERY Large Knob…
The Size of the Mute Swan’s Knob is not a Reliable Way
to Determine their Sex….
*****Mute Swan Anatomy
*****SWAN Trachea-Air

A  Swan’s Esophagus is Located along the Right Side of their Neck. SWAN Esophagus-Food

You can watch the Food they Swallow Slide Down the Right Side. Mute Swan AnatomyI am going to Include the Following Series of Images Here.
Because this was a Worry until I Understood what I was Seeing.
 Mute Swan AnatomyWe were Visiting with our Swans – Lots of Greens, Vegetables and Treats.
Our Cob was Eating VERY Fast.. Loving the Goodies.
 Mute Swan AnatomyWhen he Stopped Eating.. He was Floating Quietly out on the Pond.
I Noticed this Swollen Area on his Neck.. and Wanted to Panic !
 Mute Swan AnatomyGood Grief WHAT was Wrong with his NECK ! 

It was Mid-Afternoon on a Sunday, NO Hope of Taking him to a Vet.

Once Home, I Started a Search for Swan Crops..  NOTHING.
 Mute Swan AnatomyCrop: A Pouch in the Esophagus used to Store Food Temporarily
before moving it on to the Stomach.
*****
Waterfowl DO NOT Possess a True “Crop.”
Instead, their Esophagus is Capable of Expanding
to Accommodate Substantial Amounts of Food.
 Mute Swan Anatomy
These Young Cygnets were EATING their Lettuce SO FAST..
And we would See the Right Side of their Necks FULL of Lettuce. Mute Swan AnatomySWANs are Grazers Normally Nibbling throughout the Day.
BUT, WHEN they “Pig-OUT” you may see this Pouching on their Lower Right Neck.

IF You See this and it does NOT Go Away..
Suspect your Swan Swallowed
SOMETHING that is NOT Digestible..
THEN be CONCERNED.
Swans can have Obstructions due to Swallowing Trash.

************************
Mute Swan Cob

*****Mute Swan Plumage

*****Mute Swan Plumage

*****Mute Swan Anatomy*****
WING JOINTs  –  WRIST – ELBOW – Shoulder 
Mute Swan Wing*****
Mute Swan Wing*****
Anatomy Mute Swan Wing
**********************************************************************

“RUSTY RED CROWN”
Swans use their Beak and Head to do most of their Preening.
The Tiny Feathers on their Heads become Worn.
If there is Iron in their Pond Water, this Mineral attaches to these Feathers.
Air interacts with the Iron Particles and Rust forms.
This Rusty Cap will be Renewed to a Clean White during their Annual Moult.

Mute Swan Anatomy
*****Mute Swan Pen

Mute Swan Cob

Mute Swan Brood Pair

*****Male Mute Swan

We Rescued the Swan Above.. he was Under Weight in this Photo.
And Recovering from having his Left Wing Amputated..

Male Mute Swan

*****Mute Swan Tail

*****Mute Swan Anatomy*****Mute Swan Cloaca

*****Mute Swan Wings

*****
Mute Swan Anatomy

Healthy Swans Spend around Two Hours a Day Preening their Feathers.
Mute Swan Tale

If you get a Chance now and then – Check the Color of your Swans Tongue.
Mute Swan Anatomy

************************************************************************

This Information is a Work in Progress…..
As I learn more I will add to this information..
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Compiled by (C) L.M.Sweger                                          UpDated  May 2022
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